Efectos de un programa de ejercicio físico en niños con trastorno del espectro autista
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.31e0440Palabras clave:
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Test of Gross Motor Development-2, Accelerometry, Circuit-based exercise, Equity, InclusionResumen
Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue investigar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio físico sobre las habilidades motoras y los niveles de actividad física de niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Métodos: Cuarenta y nueve niños, de 8 a 10 años de edad, fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de ejercicio (GE; n = 29) y un grupo de control (GC; n = 20). El GE participó en un programa de 16 semanas, con tres sesiones semanales de 50 minutos cada una, compuestas por ejercicios aeróbicos y de fuerza. Las habilidades motoras se evaluaron mediante la Prueba de Desarrollo Motor Grueso-2 (TGMD-2). La actividad física se midió mediante acelerometría antes de la intervención, después de 8 semanas y después de 16 semanas. El análisis de datos se realizó utilizando ecuaciones de estimación generalizada y pruebas post-hoc de Bonferroni (α = 0,05). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que el GE obtuvo puntuaciones más altas en relación a las habilidades motoras en comparación con el GC después de la intervención. Además, se observaron mejoras significativas en las habilidades motoras en el GE de la semana 0 a la semana 8 y de la semana 8 a la semana 16, sin cambios a lo largo del tiempo en el GC. El CG mostró una reducción en los niveles de actividad física desde la semana 0 a la semana 8, mientras que el GE permaneció activo.
Conclusión: Los niños con TEA se beneficiaron del programa de ejercicio físico, mostrando mejoras en las habilidades motoras y mantenimiento de los niveles de actividad física. Se deben utilizar programas de ejercicio para promover la inclusión en la actividad física, reduciendo las disparidades en el acceso a la actividad física y sus beneficios asociados.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Gabriele Radünz Krüger, Werner de Andrade Müller, Thábata Viviane Brandão Gomes, Bruna Barboza Seron
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Al enviar un manuscrito a la Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde, los autores mantienen la titularidad de los derechos de autor sobre el artículo y autorizan a la Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde a publicar este manuscrito bajo la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 e identificarla como el vehículo de su publicación original.
