Clusters de necessidades psicológicas e perfis motivacionais na educação física escolar e seus impactos na saúde mental de adolescentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.30e0389Palabras clave:
Atividade motora, Transtorno de humor, Sintomas afetivoResumen
Introdução: A teoria da autodeterminação destaca a importância da satisfação para as necessidades psicológicas básicas (NPB (autonomia, competência e vínculo) para a motivação e o bem-estar psicológico. Na Educação Física (EF), ambientes que apoiam essas necessidades estão associados a resultados positivos, enquanto ambientes que as frustrações podem levar a resultados desadaptativos. Objetivo: Verificar se o perfil de humor pode ser predito com base em Cluster de NPB em EF, regulações motivacionais e escolhas de atividade física (AF). Método: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 2.757 adolescentes estudantes (15 ± 4 anos) selecionados proporcionalmente ao tamanho populacional da Grande Florianópolis/Santa Catarina. Questionários avaliaram as NPB, as regulações motivacionais, as escolhas de AF e o perfil de humor. Os estudantes foram divididos em três Clusters com base em seus perfis de NPB na EF: Cluster 1 (positivo) relatou alta satisfação das NPB; Cluster 2 (intermediário) apresentou satisfação moderada; Cluster 3 (negativo) experimentou baixa satisfação e frustração das NPB. Os dados foram analisados por estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Resultados: Os Clusters 3 (negativo) e 2 (intermediário), em comparação com os Cluster 1 (positivo), tiveram três e duas vezes mais chances de ter um perfil de humor negativo, respectivamente. A escolha de AF aumentou as razões de prevalência de risco para o Cluster 3 (OR = 3,81; 95% CI = 2,52 – 5,75). A regulação identificada (OR = 0,80; 95% CI = 0,67 – 0,95) e a regulação intrínseca (OR = 0,83; 95% CI = 0,72 – 0,96) reduziram ligeiramente a associação negativa entre Cluster 2 e 3 e foram associadas a um perfil de humor positivo. Conclusão: Ambientes de EF que não satisfazem as NPB expõem os estudantes a um perfil de humor negativo. Escolhas de AF relacionadas a um locus de controle externo podem agravar essa condição. No entanto, a regulação motivacional interna, especialmente as regulações intrínseca e identificada, parece promover um humor positivo.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Thiago Sousa Matias, Eduarda Eugenia Dias de Jesus, Alexandro Andrade
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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