Clusters of psychological needs and motivational profiles in school physical education and their impacts on adolescents’ mental health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.30e0389Keywords:
Motor activity, Mood disorders, Affective symptomsAbstract
Introduction: Self-determination theory highlights the importance of basic psychological needs (BPN) satisfaction (autonomy, competence and relatedness) for motivation and psychological well-being. In physical education (PE), environments supporting these needs are linked to positive outcomes, while environments that frustrate them may lead to maladaptive results. Objective: To verify whether mood profile can be predicted based on BPN clusters in PE, motivational regulations and physical activity (PA) choices. Method: A cross-sectional population based study of 2,757 adolescent students (15 ± 4 years) selected proportionately to population size from Great Florianopolis/Santa Catarina. Questionnaires measured BNP, motivational regulations, PA choices, and mood profile. The students were divided intro three clusters based on their BPN profiles in PE: Cluster 1 (positive) reported high satisfaction of BPN; Cluster 2 (intermediate) had moderate satisfaction; Cluster 3 (negative) experienced low satisfaction and frustration of BPN. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Clusters 3 (negative) and 2 (moderate), compared to Clusters 1 (positive), were three and two times more likely to have a negative mood profile, respectively. PA choices increased the prevalence ratio for Cluster 3 (OR = 3.81; 95% CI = 2.52 - 5.75). Identified regulation (OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.67 - 0.95) and intrinsic regulation (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.72 - 0.96) slightly decreased the negative association between Cluster 2 and 3 and were associated with a positive mood profile. Conclusion: PE environments that fail to satisfy BPN expose students to a negative mood profile. Choices of PA related to an external locus of control may worsen this condition. However, internal motivational regulation, particularly intrinsic and identified regulation, appears to promote a positive mood.
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