Efeito do treinamento físico sobre a inflamação crônica em jovens obesos: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.v.22n6p501-511Keywords:
Excesso de peso, Inflamação, Citocinas, Adipocinas, Exercício, JovensAbstract
The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased in the recent decades and has been associated with low-grade inflammatory state. Exercise is an important component in the treatment of child and adolescent obesity, since it can contribute to increase physical fitness, reduce body fat, and improve insulin resistance and lipid profile. However, the role of physical training on inflammatory parameters in obese children and adolescents has been little investigated. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the role of physical training on inflammatory markers in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. Systematic search strategies were conducted in Medline (PubMed), Scielo, Lilacs and Science Direct electronic databases, considering the publications from 1998 to 2016. We found 1176 titles, of which 1167 were excluded, according to exclusion criteria, remaining nine studies for the analysis. The inflammatory markers commonly studied were tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Of the nine studies reviewed, five demonstrated improvement in one or more inflammatory markers after physical training. None of the studies found a signi cant reduction in TNF-α, IL-6 and resistin concentrations. On the other hand, three studies found a decrease in CRP levels, one in leptin levels and one an increase in adiponectin levels after physical training. Thus, there is not enough evidence of the anti-inflammatory role of physical training in obese children and adolescents.
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References
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17. Coates TJ, Thoresen CE. Treating obesity in children and adolescents: a review. Am J Public Health. 1978;68(2):143-51.
18. Watts K, Jones TW, Davis EA, Green D. Exercise training in obese children and adolescents. Sports Med. 2005;35(5):375-92.
19. Atlantis E, Barnes EH, Fiatarone Singh MA. Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Int J Obes. 2006;30(7):1027-49.
20. Ho M, Garnett SP, Baur LA, Burrows T, Stewart L, Neve M, et al. Impact of dietary and exercise interventions on weight changes and metabolic outcomes in obese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167(8):759-68.
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23. Paes AT, Marins JCB, Andreazzi AE. Metabolic effects of exercise on childhood obesity: a current view. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2015;33(1):122-29.
24. Miranda APN, Amorin PRS, Peluzio MCG, Priore AE. Effect of physical activity on cardiometabolic markers in adolescents: systematic review. Rev Bras Esporte. 2016;22(3):235-42.
25. Petersen M, Pedersen BK. The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. J Appl Physol. 2005;98(4):1154-62.
26. Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA. Muscle, exercise and obesity: skeletal muscle as a secretory organ. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012;8(8):457-65.
27. Beavers KM, Brinkley TE, Nicklas BJ. Effect of exercise training on chronic inflammation. Clin Chim Acta. 2010;411(11-12):785-93.
28. Walsh NP, Gleeson M, Shephard RJ, Woods JA, Bishop NC, Fleshner M, et al. Position Statement – Part one: immune function and exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2011;17(1):6-63.
10. Gleeson M, Bishop NC, Stensel DJ, Lindley MR, Mastana SS, Nimmo MA. The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(9):607-15.
11. You T, Arsenis NC, Disanzo BL, Lamonte MJ. Effects of exercise training on chronic inflammation in obesity. Sports Med. 2013;43(4):243-56.
31. García-Hermoso A, Sánchez-López M, Escalante Y, Saavedra JM, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Exercise-based interventions and C-reactive protein in overweight and obese youths: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pediatr Res. 2016;79(4):522-7.
29. Lopes WA, Leite N, Silva LR, Brunelli DT, Gáspari AF, Radominski RB, et al. Effects of 12 weeks of combined training without caloric restriction on inflammatory markers in overweight girls. J Sports Sci. 2016;34(20):1902-12. 30. Vasconcellos F, Seabra A, Cunha F, Montenegro R, Penha J, Bouskela E, et al. Health markers in obese adolescents improved by a 12-week recreational soccer program: a randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci. 2016;34(6):564-75.
31. Alberga AS, Prud’homme D, Kenny GP, Gold eld GS, Hadjiyannakis S, Gougeon R, et al. Effects of aerobic and resistance training on abdominal fat, apolipoproteins and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in adolescentes with obesity: the HEARTY randomized clinical trial. Int J Obes. 2015;39(10):1494-500.
32. Lee KJ, Shin YA, Lee KY, Song W. Aerobic exercise training- induced decrease in plasma visfatin and insulin resistance in obese female adolescents. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010;20(4):275-81.
33. Murphy EC, Carson L, Neal W, Baylis C, Donley D, Yeater R. Effects of an exercise intervention using Dance Dance Revolution on endothelial function and other risk factors in overweight children. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2009;4(4):205-14.
34. Kelly AS, Steinberger J, Olson TP, Dengel DR. In the absence of weight loss, exercise training does not improve adipokines or oxidative stress in overweight children. Metabolism. 2007;56(7):1005-9.
35. Kim ES, Im JA, Kim KC, Park JH, Suh SH, Kang ES, et al. Improved insulin sensitivity and adiponectin level after exercise training in obese Korean youth. Obesity. 2007;15(12):3023-30.
36. Meyer AA, Kundt G, Lenschow U, Schu -Werner P, Kienast W. Improvement of early vascular changes and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children after a six-month exercise program. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(9):1865-70.
37. Kelly AS, Wetzsteon RJ, Kaiser DR, Steinberger J, Bank AJ, Dengel DR. Inflammation, insulin, and endothelial function in overweight children and adolescents: the role of exercise. J Pediatr. 2004;145(6):731-6.
38. Carvalho MHC, Colaço AL, Fortes ZB. Citocinas, Disfunção Endotelial e Resistência à Insulina. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2006;50(2):304-12.
39. Hotamisligil GS. In ammation and metabolic disorders. Nature. 2006;444(7121):860-7.
40. Cao H. Adipocytokines in obesity and metabolic disease. J Endocrinol. 2014;220(1):47-59.
41. Galic S, Oakhill JS, Steinberg GR. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010;316(2):129-39.
42. Thomas NE, Williams DRR. Inflammatory factors, physical activity, and physical fitness in young people. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;18(5):543-56.
46. Sakurai T, Ogasawara J, Kizaki T, Sato S, Ishibashi Y, Takahashi M, et al. The effects of exercise training on obesity- induced dysregulated expression of adipokines in white adipose tissue. Int J Endocrinol. 2013;2013(1):1-28.
47. Steppan CM, Bailey ST, Bhat S, Brown EJ, Banerjee RR, Wright CM, et al. e hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature. 2001;409(6818):307-12.
48. Dam V, Sikder T, Santosa S. From neutrophils to macrophages: differences in regional adipose tissue depots. Obes Rev. 2016;17(1):1-17.
49. Sigal RJ, Alberga AS, Gold eld GS, Pru’homme D, Hadjiyannakis S, Gougeon R, et al. Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on percentage body fat and cardiometabolic risk markers in obese adolescents. JAMA Pediatr. 2014; 168(11):1006-14.
50. Nourbakhsh M, Nourbakhsh M, Gholinejad Z, Razzaghy- Azar M. Visfatin in obese children and adolescents and its association with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2015;75(2):183-8.
51. Campia U, Tesauro M, Di Daniele N, Cardillo C. The vascular endothelin system in obesity and type 2 diabetes: pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. Life Sci. 2014;118(2):149-55.
52. Azevedo WF, Cantalice AS, Gonzaga NC, Simões MO, Guimarães AL, Carvalho DF, et al. Fibrinogen: cardiometabolic risk marker in obese or overweight children and adolescents. J Pediatr. 2015;91(5):464-70.
53. Lima JCC, Moreira A, Lima D, Correia LCL. Validação da medida de proteína C-reativa de alta sensibilidade (PCR-as) por quimiolumonescência para estimativa de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos ambulatoriais: análise comparativa em nefelometria. Bras Patol Med Lab. 2005;41(1):15-19.
54. Rifai N, Tracy RP, Ridker PM. Clinical efficacy of an automated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assay. Clin Chem. 1999;45(12):2136-41.
55. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, Buring JE, Cook NR. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl Med. 2002;347(20):1557-65.
56. Kuller LH, Russell P, Tracy JS, Meilahn EN. Relation of C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case-control study. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;144(6):537-47.
57. Borque L, Bellod L, Rus A, Seco LM, Galisteo-Gonzaléz F. Development and validation of an automated and ultrasensitive immunoturbidimetric assay for C-reactive protein. Clin Chem. 2000;46(11):1839-42.
58. Bastarache JA, Koyama T, Wickersham NE, Ware LB. Validation of a multiplex electrochemiluminescent immunoassay platform in human and mouse samples. J Immunol Methods. 2014;408:13-23.
2. Daniels SR, Arnett DK, Eckel RH, Gidding SS, Hayman LL, Kumanyika S, et al. Overweight in children and adolescents: pathophysiology, consequences, prevention, and treatment. Circulation. 2005;111(15):1999–02.
3. Simmonds M, Llewellyn A, Owen CG, Woolacott N. Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2016;17(2):95-07.
4. Bloch KV, Klein CH, Szklo M, Kuschnir MCC, Abreu GA, Barufaldi LA, et al. ERICA: prevalência de hipertensão arterial e obesidade em adolescentes brasileiros. Rev Saude Publica. 2016;50(supl 1):1s-13s.
5. Flynn JT, Falkner BE, Obesity hypertension in adolescents: epidemiology, evaluation, and management. J Clin Hypertens. 2011;13(5):323-31.
6. Cobayashi F, Oliveira FLC, Escrivão MAMS, Silveira D, Taddei JAAC. Obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents attending public schools. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;95(2):200-5.
7. Weiss R, Dziura J, Burgert TS, Tamborlane WV, Taksali SE, Yeckel CW, et al. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(23):2362-74.
8. Papoutsakis C, Chondronikola M, Antonogeorgos G, Papadakou E, Matziou V, Drakouli M, et al. Associations between central obesity and asthma in children and adolescents: a case-control study. J Asthma. 2015;52(2):128-34.
9. Lopes WA, Radominski RB, Rosario Filho NA, Leite N. Exercise-induced bronchospasm in obese adolescents. Allergol Immunopathol. 2009;37(4):175-9.
10. Monteiro D, Walther G, Perez-Martin A, Roche E, Vinet A. Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress in obese children and adolescents: markers and effect of lifestyle intervention. Obes Rev. 2012;13(5):441-55.
11. Silva LR, Cavaglieri CR, Lopes WA, Pizzi J, Coelho-E-Silva MJC, Leite N. Endothelial wall thickness, cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammatory markers in obese and non-obese adolescents. Braz J Phys er. 2014;18(1):47-55.
12. Gregor MF, Hotamisligil GS. Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011;29:415-45.
13. Tam CS, Clément K, Baur LA, Tordjman J. Obesity and low-grade inflammation: a paediatric perspective. Obes Rev. 2010;11(2):118-26.
14. Schipper HS, Nuboer R, Prop S, Van Der Ham HJ, De Boer FK, Kesmir Ç, et al. Systemic inflammation in childhood obesity: circulating inflammatory mediators and activated CD14++ monocytes. Diabetologia. 2012;55(10):2800-10.
15. Coutinho PR, Leite N, Lopes WA, Silva LR, Consentino CM, Araujo CT, et al. Association between adiposity indicators, metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers in a sample of female adolescents. Arch Endocrinol Metab, 2015;59(4):325-34.
16. Lumeng CN, Saltiel AR. Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest. 2011;121(6):2111-17.
17. Coates TJ, Thoresen CE. Treating obesity in children and adolescents: a review. Am J Public Health. 1978;68(2):143-51.
18. Watts K, Jones TW, Davis EA, Green D. Exercise training in obese children and adolescents. Sports Med. 2005;35(5):375-92.
19. Atlantis E, Barnes EH, Fiatarone Singh MA. Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Int J Obes. 2006;30(7):1027-49.
20. Ho M, Garnett SP, Baur LA, Burrows T, Stewart L, Neve M, et al. Impact of dietary and exercise interventions on weight changes and metabolic outcomes in obese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167(8):759-68.
21. Vasconcellos F, Seabra A, Katzmarzyk PT, Kraemer-Aguiar LG, Bouskela E, Farinatti P. Physical Activity in overweight and obese adolescents: systematic review of the effects on physical fitness componentes and cardiovascular risk factors. Sports Med. 2014;44(8):1139-52.
22. Alberga AS, Frappier A, Sigal RJ, Prud’homme D, Kenny GP. A review of randomized controlled trials of aerobic exercise training on fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese adolescentes. Phys Sportsmed. 2013;41(2):44-57.
23. Paes AT, Marins JCB, Andreazzi AE. Metabolic effects of exercise on childhood obesity: a current view. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2015;33(1):122-29.
24. Miranda APN, Amorin PRS, Peluzio MCG, Priore AE. Effect of physical activity on cardiometabolic markers in adolescents: systematic review. Rev Bras Esporte. 2016;22(3):235-42.
25. Petersen M, Pedersen BK. The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. J Appl Physol. 2005;98(4):1154-62.
26. Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA. Muscle, exercise and obesity: skeletal muscle as a secretory organ. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012;8(8):457-65.
27. Beavers KM, Brinkley TE, Nicklas BJ. Effect of exercise training on chronic inflammation. Clin Chim Acta. 2010;411(11-12):785-93.
28. Walsh NP, Gleeson M, Shephard RJ, Woods JA, Bishop NC, Fleshner M, et al. Position Statement – Part one: immune function and exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2011;17(1):6-63.
10. Gleeson M, Bishop NC, Stensel DJ, Lindley MR, Mastana SS, Nimmo MA. The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(9):607-15.
11. You T, Arsenis NC, Disanzo BL, Lamonte MJ. Effects of exercise training on chronic inflammation in obesity. Sports Med. 2013;43(4):243-56.
31. García-Hermoso A, Sánchez-López M, Escalante Y, Saavedra JM, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Exercise-based interventions and C-reactive protein in overweight and obese youths: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pediatr Res. 2016;79(4):522-7.
29. Lopes WA, Leite N, Silva LR, Brunelli DT, Gáspari AF, Radominski RB, et al. Effects of 12 weeks of combined training without caloric restriction on inflammatory markers in overweight girls. J Sports Sci. 2016;34(20):1902-12. 30. Vasconcellos F, Seabra A, Cunha F, Montenegro R, Penha J, Bouskela E, et al. Health markers in obese adolescents improved by a 12-week recreational soccer program: a randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci. 2016;34(6):564-75.
31. Alberga AS, Prud’homme D, Kenny GP, Gold eld GS, Hadjiyannakis S, Gougeon R, et al. Effects of aerobic and resistance training on abdominal fat, apolipoproteins and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in adolescentes with obesity: the HEARTY randomized clinical trial. Int J Obes. 2015;39(10):1494-500.
32. Lee KJ, Shin YA, Lee KY, Song W. Aerobic exercise training- induced decrease in plasma visfatin and insulin resistance in obese female adolescents. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010;20(4):275-81.
33. Murphy EC, Carson L, Neal W, Baylis C, Donley D, Yeater R. Effects of an exercise intervention using Dance Dance Revolution on endothelial function and other risk factors in overweight children. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2009;4(4):205-14.
34. Kelly AS, Steinberger J, Olson TP, Dengel DR. In the absence of weight loss, exercise training does not improve adipokines or oxidative stress in overweight children. Metabolism. 2007;56(7):1005-9.
35. Kim ES, Im JA, Kim KC, Park JH, Suh SH, Kang ES, et al. Improved insulin sensitivity and adiponectin level after exercise training in obese Korean youth. Obesity. 2007;15(12):3023-30.
36. Meyer AA, Kundt G, Lenschow U, Schu -Werner P, Kienast W. Improvement of early vascular changes and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children after a six-month exercise program. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(9):1865-70.
37. Kelly AS, Wetzsteon RJ, Kaiser DR, Steinberger J, Bank AJ, Dengel DR. Inflammation, insulin, and endothelial function in overweight children and adolescents: the role of exercise. J Pediatr. 2004;145(6):731-6.
38. Carvalho MHC, Colaço AL, Fortes ZB. Citocinas, Disfunção Endotelial e Resistência à Insulina. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2006;50(2):304-12.
39. Hotamisligil GS. In ammation and metabolic disorders. Nature. 2006;444(7121):860-7.
40. Cao H. Adipocytokines in obesity and metabolic disease. J Endocrinol. 2014;220(1):47-59.
41. Galic S, Oakhill JS, Steinberg GR. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010;316(2):129-39.
42. Thomas NE, Williams DRR. Inflammatory factors, physical activity, and physical fitness in young people. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;18(5):543-56.
46. Sakurai T, Ogasawara J, Kizaki T, Sato S, Ishibashi Y, Takahashi M, et al. The effects of exercise training on obesity- induced dysregulated expression of adipokines in white adipose tissue. Int J Endocrinol. 2013;2013(1):1-28.
47. Steppan CM, Bailey ST, Bhat S, Brown EJ, Banerjee RR, Wright CM, et al. e hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature. 2001;409(6818):307-12.
48. Dam V, Sikder T, Santosa S. From neutrophils to macrophages: differences in regional adipose tissue depots. Obes Rev. 2016;17(1):1-17.
49. Sigal RJ, Alberga AS, Gold eld GS, Pru’homme D, Hadjiyannakis S, Gougeon R, et al. Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on percentage body fat and cardiometabolic risk markers in obese adolescents. JAMA Pediatr. 2014; 168(11):1006-14.
50. Nourbakhsh M, Nourbakhsh M, Gholinejad Z, Razzaghy- Azar M. Visfatin in obese children and adolescents and its association with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2015;75(2):183-8.
51. Campia U, Tesauro M, Di Daniele N, Cardillo C. The vascular endothelin system in obesity and type 2 diabetes: pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. Life Sci. 2014;118(2):149-55.
52. Azevedo WF, Cantalice AS, Gonzaga NC, Simões MO, Guimarães AL, Carvalho DF, et al. Fibrinogen: cardiometabolic risk marker in obese or overweight children and adolescents. J Pediatr. 2015;91(5):464-70.
53. Lima JCC, Moreira A, Lima D, Correia LCL. Validação da medida de proteína C-reativa de alta sensibilidade (PCR-as) por quimiolumonescência para estimativa de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos ambulatoriais: análise comparativa em nefelometria. Bras Patol Med Lab. 2005;41(1):15-19.
54. Rifai N, Tracy RP, Ridker PM. Clinical efficacy of an automated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assay. Clin Chem. 1999;45(12):2136-41.
55. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, Buring JE, Cook NR. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl Med. 2002;347(20):1557-65.
56. Kuller LH, Russell P, Tracy JS, Meilahn EN. Relation of C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case-control study. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;144(6):537-47.
57. Borque L, Bellod L, Rus A, Seco LM, Galisteo-Gonzaléz F. Development and validation of an automated and ultrasensitive immunoturbidimetric assay for C-reactive protein. Clin Chem. 2000;46(11):1839-42.
58. Bastarache JA, Koyama T, Wickersham NE, Ware LB. Validation of a multiplex electrochemiluminescent immunoassay platform in human and mouse samples. J Immunol Methods. 2014;408:13-23.
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2018-07-05
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Lopes W, Porto FE, Cavaglieri CR. Efeito do treinamento físico sobre a inflamação crônica em jovens obesos: uma revisão sistemática. Rev. Bras. Ativ. Fís. Saúde [Internet]. 2018 Jul. 5 [cited 2024 Jul. 3];22(6):501-1. Available from: https://rbafs.org.br/RBAFS/article/view/8052
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Copyright (c) 2017 Wendell Lopes, Fernanda Errero Porto, Claudia Regina Cavaglieri
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