Physical activity and inequalities in older adults before and after COVID-19

Authors

  • Leandro Quadro Corrêa Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Educação, Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1231-3800
  • Otávio Amaral de Andrade Leão Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5253-7665
  • Flávio Fernando Demarco Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Medicina Social, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2276-491X
  • Renata Moraes Bielemann Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Medicina Social, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-3735
  • Inácio Crochemore-Silva Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5390-8360

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.28e0313

Keywords:

Physical activity, Inequality, Cohort, Older adults

Abstract

This study aimed to verify the modification in the physical activity prevalence (PA) and possible inequalities in older individuals monitored before and after social distancing due to COVID-19. This is a prospective study conducted in the urban area of Pelotas-Rio Grande do Sul, where the elderly was followed up in 2019/20 and 2021/22. The prevalence of PA was assessed using the IPAQ in the domain of leisure time and commuting evaluated together. Older people who performed ≥150 min/week were classified as physically active. The covariates/stratifiers assessed were sex, age, skin color, economic class, schooling, and morbidity. Simple inequalities were assessed through differences and ratios for the prevalence of PA and complex inequalities through the inequality index (SII) and the concentration index (CIX). The results indicated that there was a reduction in the prevalence of PA among the participants from 2019/20 to 2021/22 and that these changes occurred regardless of population characteristics. The SII showed an increase in PA inequality among the poorest compared to the richest individuals and a reduction in inequalities about age, education, and morbidities. It is concluded that the reduction in PA occurred similarly regardless of the covariates/stratifiers evaluated, that there was an increase in inequality in PA among the less economically favored, and that the reduction in inequality occurred especially from the reduction in PA, requiring health policies to rescue adequate levels of PA in the studied population.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Leandro Quadro Corrêa, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Educação, Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

Possui Doutorado pelo Programa de Pós Graduação em Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. É mestre em ciências pelo pelo mesmo programa (2009) e concluiu a especialização em Atividade Física e Saúde por esta mesma universidade (2007). É graduado em Educação Física pela Universidade Federal de Pelotas (2005) e em Pedagogia pela Universidade Católica de Pelotas (1998). É professor adjunto da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) com atividades no curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física e na Residência Integrada Multiprofissional Hospitalar com Ênfase na Atenção à Saúde Cardiometabólica do Adulto (RIMHAS) onde também exerce função de coordenador desta Residência.

References

Christensen A, Bond S, McKenna J. The COVID-19 conundrum: keeping safe while becoming inactive. A rapid review of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and exercise in adults by gender and age. PloS one. 2022;17(1):e0263053. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263053

Wunsch K, Kienberger K, Niessner C. Changes in physical activity patterns due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(4):2250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042250

Stockwell S, Trott M, Tully M, Shin J, Barnett Y, Butler L, et al. Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med. 2021;7(1):e000960. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000960

Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L, et al. Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on eating behaviour and physical activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1583. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000512852

Wilke J, Rahlf AL, Füzéki E, Groneberg DA, Hespanhol L, Mai P, et al. Physical activity during lockdowns associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis of 173 studies with 320,636 participants. Sports Med Open. 2022;8(1):125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00515-x

Elliott J, Munford L, Ahmed S, Littlewood A, Todd C. The impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on physical activity amongst older adults: evidence from longitudinal data in the UK. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14156-y

Nascimento RJD, Barbosa Filho VC, Rech CR, Brasil RB, Junior RC, Streit IA, et al. Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Activity Among Older Adults in the First-Wave COVID-19 Outbreak: A Longitudinal Analysis. J Aging Phys Act. 2022;30(3):389-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2021-0104

Said CM, Batchelor F, Duque G. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on physical activity, function, and quality of life. Clin Geriatr Med. 2022;38(3):519-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2022.04.003

Saadeh M, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Vetrano DL, von Rosen P, Fratiglioni L, Welmer AK. Associations of pre-pandemic levels of physical function and physical activity with COVID-19-like symptoms during the outbreak. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022;34(1):235-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-021-02006-7

Camp N, Fernandes Ramos AC, Hunter K, Boat R, Magistro D. Differences in self-control, self-efficacy and depressive symptoms between active and inactive middle-aged and older adults after 1 year of COVID restrictions. Aging Ment Health. 2023; 27(3):483-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2046691

Böhm AW, Mielke GI, da Cruz MF, Ramirez VV, Wehrmesister FC. Social Support and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among the Elderly: A Population-Based Study. J Phys Act Health. 2016;13(6):599-605. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0277

Como Vai? Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Idoso. 2023. [citado 2023 Ago 28]. Disponível em: < https://wp.ufpel.edu.br/comovai/>.

Alves JG, Siqueira FV, Figueiroa JN, Facchini LA, Silveira DS, Piccini RX, et al. Physical inactivity among adults and elderly living in areas covered by primary healthcare units with and without the Family Health Program in Pernambuco State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2010;26(3):543-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2010000300012

Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(24):1451-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira Brasília. 2021. [citado 2023 Abr 18]. Disponível em: <http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/guia_atividade_fisica_populacao_brasileira.pdf>.

Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa (ABEP). Alterações na aplicação do Critério Brasil, válidas a partir de 2013. São Paulo: ABEP; 2013.

Silva ICM, Restarepo-Mendez MC, Costa JC, Ewerling F, Hellwig F, Ferreira LZ et al. Measurement of health social inequalities: concepts and methodological approaches in the Brazilian context. Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde. 2018; 27(1):e000100017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742018000100017

Barros AJ, Victora CG. Measuring coverage in MNCH: determining and interpreting inequalities in coverage of maternal, newborn, and child health interventions. PLoS Med. 2013;10(5):e1001390. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001390

Schlichtiger J, Steffen J, Huber BC, Brunner S. Physical activity during COVID-19 lockdown in older adults. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021;61(1):164-166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.20.11726-2

Kalache A, Silva A, Giacomin KC, Lima KC, Ramos LR, Louvison M, et al. Envelhecimento e desigualdades: políticas de proteção social aos idosos em função da Pandemia Covid-19 no Brasil. Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol. 2020;23(6):e200122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562020023.200122

Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva. Pandemia da Covid-19 e um Brasil de desigualdades: populações vulneráveis e o risco de um genocídio relacionado à idade. Rio de Janeiro: ABRASCO, 2020. [citado 2023 Mai 05]. Disponível em: <https://www.abrasco.org.br/site/gtenvelhecimentoesaudecoletiva/2020/03/31/pandemia-do-covid-19-e-um-brasil-de-desigualdades-populacoes-vulneraveis-e-o-risco-de-um-genocidio-relacionado-a-idade/>.

Wendt A, Ricardo LIC, Costa CS, Knuth AG, Tenório MCM, Crochemore-Silva I. Socioeconomic and Gender Inequalities in Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Access to Public Policies in Brazil From 2013 to 2019. J Phys Act Health. 2021;18(12):1503-10.

Wendt A, Ricardo LIC, Costa CS, Knuth AG, Tenório MCM, Crochemore-Silva I. Socioeconomic and Gender Inequalities in Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Access to Public Policies in Brazil From 2013 to 2019. J Phys Act Health. 2021;18(12):1503-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2021-0291

Ricardo LIC, Knuth AG, Nunes BP, Hallal PC, Santos LP, Harter J, et al. Inequalities in physical activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Report on 4 consecutive population-based surveys in southern Brazil. J Phys Act Health. 2022;19(2):73-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2021-0218

Crochemore-Silva I, Knuth AG, Wendt A, Nunes BP, Hallal PC, Santos LP, et al. Prática de atividade física em meio a pandemia da COVID-19: estudo de base populacional em cidade do sul do Brasil. Ciênc. saúde coletiva. 2020;25(11):4249-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202511.29072020

Knuth AG, Antunes, PC. Práticas corporais/atividades físicas demarcadas como privilégio e não escolha: análise à luz das desigualdades brasileiras. Saúde e Sociedade (online). 2021;30(2):e200363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902021200363

Robert Koch Institut. Informationen und Hilfestellungen für Personen mit einem höheren Risiko für einen schweren COVID-19- Krankheitsverlauf. [citado 2023 Mai 05]. Disponível em: <https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/N/Neuartiges_Coronavirus/Risikogruppen.html>.

Silva GA, Jardim BC, Lotufo PA. Mortalidade por COVID-19 padronizada por idade nas capitais das diferentes regiões do Brasil. Cad Saude Publica. 2021;37(6):e00039221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00039221

Minayo MCS, Freire, NP. Pandemia exacerba desigualdades na Saúde. Ciênc. saúde coletiva. 2020;25(9):3555-3556. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020259.13742020

Downloads

Published

11/21/2023

How to Cite

1.
Corrêa LQ, Leão OA de A, Demarco FF, Bielemann RM, Crochemore-Silva I. Physical activity and inequalities in older adults before and after COVID-19. Rev. Bras. Ativ. Fís. Saúde [Internet]. 2023 Nov. 21 [cited 2025 Mar. 29];28:1-9. Available from: https://rbafs.org.br/RBAFS/article/view/15140

Issue

Vol. 28 (2023)

Section

Original Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

When submitting a manuscript to the Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde, the authors retain the copyright to the article and authorize the Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde to publish the manuscript under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License and identify it as the original publication source.