Physical activity and serum interleukin-6 in relation to bone density in young adults

Authors

  • Francine silva dos Santos Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Medicina Social, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-269X
  • Renata Moraes Bielemann Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Medicina Social, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-3735
  • Isabel Oliveira de Oliveira Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Medicina Social, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-0806
  • Bernardo Lessa Horta Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Medicina Social, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-412X
  • Soren Brage Universidade de Cambridge, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
  • Denise Petrucci Gigante Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Medicina Social, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-5838

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.27e0283

Keywords:

Accelerometry, Body composition, Epidemiology

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) and inflammation influence bone density through multiple physiological mechanisms, but current evidence is not robust on the structure mediating these relationships. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations of PA, and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) on bone density. Cross-sectional analysis in the Pelotas (Brazil) 1982 Birth Cohort with participants aged 30-years old. PA was objectively measured by accelerometry. Bone mineral density (g/cm2) was evaluated for the lumbar spine and femoral neck using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Crude and adjusted linear regressions and mediation analyses were performed. In both sexes, the overall PA was positively associated with femoral neck bone density, but not lumbar spine. For men, the mean of femoral neck were 0.027, 0.042, and 0.032 higher in the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively, compared to the first quartile (reference). Among women, higher bone density values were found in the third (0.021) and fourth (0.027) quartiles of overall PA compared to the lowest quartile. Among females, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity presented a positive relationship with all sites of bone density. The indirect effect through IL-6 was not significant. Physical activity was associated with gains in bone density. The findings reinforce recommendations for PA in adulthood to promote bone health.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Sozen T, Ozisik L, Calik Basaran N. An overview and management of osteoporosis. Eur J Rheumatol. 2017;4(1):46–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5152/eurjrheum.2016.048

Heaney RP, Abrams S, Dawson-Hughes B, Looker A, Marcus R, Matkovic V, et al. Peak Bone Mass. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(12):985–09. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s001980070020

GBD 2019 Fracture Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of bone fractures in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021;2(9):580-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00395-3

World Health Organization/WHO. World health statistics 2021: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals: Geneva. 2021; Disponível em: < https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/342703> [2022 julho].

Bonjour JP, Chevalley T. Pubertal timing, bone acquisition, and risk of fracture throughout life. Endocr Rev. 2014;35(5):820-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2014-1007

Bielemann RM, Martinez-Mesa J, Gigante DP. Physical activity during life course and bone mass: a systematic review of methods and findings from cohort studies with young adults. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013;14:77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-14-77

Karlsson MK, Rosengren BE. Exercise and Peak Bone Mass. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2020;18(3):285-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-020-00588-1

Troy KL, Mancuso ME, Butler TA, Johnson JE. Exercise Early and Often: Effects of physical activity and exercise on women's bone health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(5):878. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050878

Vella CA, Allison MA, Cushman M, Jenny NS, Miles MP, Larsen B, et al. Physical Activity and Adiposity-related Inflammation: The MESA. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(5):915-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001179

Lorenzo J. Cytokines and Bone: Osteoimmunology. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2020;262:177-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_346

Wärnberg J, Cunningham K, Romeo J, Marcos A. Physical activity, exercise and low-grade systemic inflammation. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69(3):400-06. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665110001928

Barros FC, Victora CG, Horta BL, Gigante DP. Methodology of the Pelotas birth cohort study from 1982 to 2004-5, Southern Brazil. Rev Saude Publica. 2008;42(Suppl 2):S7-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102008000900003

Victora CG, Barros FC. Cohort profile: the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study. Int J Epidemiol. 2006;35(2):237-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyi290

Horta BL, Gigante DP, Gonçalves H, Santos JM, Loret CM, Oliveira IO, et al. Cohort Profile Update: The 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(2):441. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv017

Hees VT, Fang Z, Langford J, Assah F, Mohammad A, Silva IC, et al. Autocalibration of accelerometer data for free-living physical activity assessment using local gravity and temperature: an evaluation on four continents. J Appl Physiol. 2014;117(7):738-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00421.2014

Hees VT, Gorzelniak L, Dean ECL, Eder M, Pias M, Taherian S, et al. Separating movement and gravity components in an acceleration signal and implications for the assessment of human daily physical activity. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061691

Hildebrand M, Hees VT, Hansen BH, Ekelund U. Age group comparability of raw accelerometer output from wrist- and hip-worn monitors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(9):1816-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000289

White T, Westgate K, Hollidge S, Venables M, Olivier P, Wareham N, et al. Estimating energy expenditure from wrist and thigh accelerometry in free-living adults: a doubly labelled water study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2019;43(11):2333-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-019-0352-x

Daniel RM, Stavola BL, Cousens SN. Gformula: Estimating causal effects in the presence of time-varying confounding or mediation using the g-computation formula. Stata Journal. 2011; 11(4):479–517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X1201100401

Bielemann RM, Domingues MR, Horta BL, Gigante DP. Physical activity from adolescence to young adulthood and bone mineral density in young adults from the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort. Prev Med. 2014;62:201-07. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.014

Bielemann RM, Ramires VV, Wehrmeister FC, Gonçalves H, Assunção MCF, Ekelund U, et al. Is vigorous-intensity physical activity required for improving bone mass in adolescence? Findings from a Brazilian birth cohort. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30(6):1307-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-04862-6

Murphy MH, Donnelly P, Breslin G, Shibli S, Nevill AM. Does doing housework keep you healthy? The contribution of domestic physical activity to meeting current recommendations for health. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:966. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-966

World Health Organization/WHO. Global recommendations on physical activity for health: Geneva. 2010; Disponível em: <https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241599979> [2022 julho].

Pinheiro MB, Oliveira J, Bauman A, Fairhall N, Kwok W, Sherrington C. Evidence on physical activity and osteoporosis prevention for people aged 65+ years: a systematic review to inform the WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020;17(1):150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01040-4

Menezes AMB, Oliveira PD, Gonçalves H, Oliveira IO, Assunção MCF, Tovo-Rodrigues L, et al. Are cytokines (IL-6, CRP and adiponectin) associated with bone mineral density in a young adult birth cohort? BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018;19(1):427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-018-2357-3

Ding C, Parameswaran V, Udayan R, Burgess J, Jones G. Circulating levels of inflammatory markers predict change in bone mineral density and resorption in older adults: a longitudinal study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(5):1952-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-2325

Kawai M, Paula FJ, Rosen CJ. New insights into osteoporosis: the bone-fat connection. J Intern Med. 2012;272(4):317-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02564.x

Menezes AMB, Oliveira PD, Wehrmeister FC, Gonçalves H, Assunção MCF, Tovo-Rodrigues L, et al. Association between interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and adiponectin with adiposity: Findings from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort at 18 and 22 years. Cytokine. 2018;110:44-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2018.04.020

Bierhals IO, Santos JV, Bielemann RM, Mola CL, Barros FC, Gonçalves H, et al. Associations between body mass index, body composition and bone density in young adults: findings from a southern Brazilian cohort. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20(1):322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2656-3

Hou J, He C, He W, Yang M, Luo X, Li, C. Obesity and Bone Health: A Complex Link. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8(60018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.600181

Downloads

Published

02/02/2023

How to Cite

1.
Santos F silva dos, Bielemann RM, Oliveira IO de, Horta BL, Brage S, Gigante DP. Physical activity and serum interleukin-6 in relation to bone density in young adults. Rev. Bras. Ativ. Fís. Saúde [Internet]. 2023 Feb. 2 [cited 2025 May 9];27:1-9. Available from: https://rbafs.org.br/RBAFS/article/view/14959

Issue

Vol. 27 (2022)

Section

Original Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

When submitting a manuscript to the Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde, the authors retain the copyright to the article and authorize the Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde to publish the manuscript under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License and identify it as the original publication source.