Efeito agudo do exercício físico aeróbio de diferentes intensidades na proliferação linfocitária de adultos

Abstract

Physical exercise causes a deviation in homeostasis and the reorganization of various systems responses, including the immune system. The acute response of the immune system may differ according to the intensity of physical exercise. The objective of this study is to analyze the lymphocyte proliferative response to the practice of aerobic physical exercise sessions of varying intensities. Ten volunteers (23.50 ± 3.43 years) were evaluated performing aerobic exercise sessions on an indoor bicycle at a moderate intensity (40-59% of heart rate reserve - HRR) and at a vigorous intensity (60-89% of HRR). Venous blood was collected for the analysis of lymphocyte proliferation before (baseline) and after each session. Concanavalin A (ConA) was utilized as stimulator and Alamar Blue® assay as measurement. The results were obtained by means of fluorimetric analysis after 24, 48 and 72 hours of cell culture after the exercise sessions. Statistical analysis comprised of repeated comparisons between the different sessions and the baseline by two-way ANOVA, considering p < 0.05. The vigorous exercise session reported a significant decrease in lymphocyte proliferative response of 21.96% (p = 0.011) in 24h, 37.46% (p = 0.001) in 48h and 27.61% (p = 0.005) in 72h, compared to the baseline. The moderate intensity exercise session reported a significant increase of 42.17% (p = 0.001) in 24h, 36.89% (p = 0.011) in 48h and 30.84% (p = 0.001) in 72h, compared to the baseline. There was a significant difference in delta variation between the two intensities (p < 0.005). Acute aerobic physical exercise at moderate and vigorous intensities caused a decrease and increase, respectively, in the lymphocyte proliferation of young adults.